Oh+Snap!+(+Pro+Animal+Rights)

__Notes on Animal Rights__ Leepson, M., & Leepson, M. (1991, May 24). Animal rights. // CQ Researcher //,  // 1 //  , 301-324. Retrieved April 22, 2009, from CQ Researcher Online, []. "Update: Animal Testing." 2006. Issues and Controversies. Brunswick High School, Brunswick, MD. April 23, 2009 []. 1. Rats, Mice, Guinea Pigs, Cats, Dogs, Monkeys and Rabbits are amoung the many animals that are used for testing [MW]  2. Food and Drug Administration requires all new drugs to be tested on animals before being approved [MW] 3. Wilmington Massachusetts - Charles River Laboratories create modified animals specifically for testing which they sell later (Makes about 90 million a year) [MW] 4. Animals are subject to pain and distress in these experiments [MW] 5. USDA requires painkillers be issued to animals unless the painkillers would ruin the experiment [MW] 6. Almost all animals are killed after experimentation [MW] 7. Experimenting on animals isn't completely accurate since humans are not exactly like rats and other animals in every way, only slightly similar. [MW] __Timeline of the Modern Animal Rights Movement__. 2009 About.com as part of The New York Times. April 29, 2009 .
 * 1) Animal welfare activists believe researchers have the responsibility to minimize the pain and distress of labratory animals. [LS]
 * 2) These activists common goal is to protect animals and see that they are not mistreated. [LS]
 * 3)    Animal rights activists believe that animals have inherent legal and human rights. [LS]
 * 4)   Between 17 million and 22 million animals are used in biomedical research, education and testing every year. [LS]
 * 5)     60 million to 100 million are killed every year in research projects. [LS]
 * 6) The numbers can be reduced: John Gleiber of the Animal Welfare Institute says researchers are using 10 animals, when they could be using just one. They are repeating what has already been found or proved in some cases. [LS]
 * 7) Animal rights advocates say alternative methods of testing are available, like in vitro, which happens to be more cost effective than animal testing. [LS]
 * 8) Animal testing for cosmetics is unimportant compared to AIDS or other medical researches.[LS]
 * 9) In //Advertising Age// magazine, a poll was given: 60 percent said they would oppose animal testing for cosmetics and toiletries, and nearly 90 percent said they would buy cosmetic products that have not been tested on animals.[LS]
 * 10) PETA – People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. [LS]

** 1. 1975 ** “Animal Liberation” was published, written by philosopher Peter singer (JH)
 * 2. 1979 ** Animal legal defense fund is made- [|World Lab Animal Day] on April 24, has evolved into World laboratory Animal Week (JH)
 * 3. 1980 ** PETA (people for the ethical treatment of animals) was founded, “Animal Factories” was written by attorney Jim Mason (JH)
 * 4. 1981 ** Farm Animal reform Movement was officially founded (JH)
 * 5. 1983 ** Farm Animal Reform Movement establishes World Farm Animals Day on October 2- “The Case for Animals Rights” by Tom Regan was written and published (JH)
 * 6. 1985 ** First Great American Meatout is organized by the Farm Animal Reform Movement (JH)
 * 7. 1986 ** Fur Free Friday- nationwide fur protest on the day after Thanksgiving begins- Farm Sanctuary is founded (JH)
 * 8. 1987 ** Student Jennifer Graham makes headlines by refusing to dissect a frog- “Diet for a New America” was written by John Robbins (JH)
 * 9. 1989 ** Avon stopped testing products on animals- campaign against Protector and Gamble’s Animal testing (JH)
 * 10. 1990 ** Revlon stopped testing products on animals (JH)
 * 11. 1992 ** Animal Enterprise Protection Act is passed (JH)
 * 12. 1993 ** General Motors stopped using live animals in crash tests- The Great Ape Project is made (JH)
 * 13. 1994 ** Tyke, an elephant, goes crazy, kills her trainer and escapes from the circus before she is taken out by police (JH)
 * 14. 1995 ** Compassion over killing is found (JH)
 * 15. 1996 ** vegetarian activist Howard Lyman appears on Oprah leading to a defamation lawsuit filed by Texas cattlemen (JH)
 * 16. 1997 ** PETA releases an undercover video of animal abuse by Huntington Life Sciences
 * 17. 1998 ** Jury finds in favor of Lyman and Oprah- an investigation reveals that Burlington Coat Factory is selling products made of dog and cat fur (JH)
 * 18. 2001 ** Compassion Over Killing conducts a rescue at a battery hen factory, saves 8 hens and documents all abuse (JH)
 * 19. 2002 ** “Dominion” is written by Matthew Scully- McDonalds settles a lawsuit over their non-vegetarian French fries (JH)
 * 20. 2004 ** Clothing chain Forever 21 promised to stop selling fur (JH)
 * 21. 2005 ** US congress pulls funding for inspections of horse meat (JH)
 * 22. 2006 ** the “SHAC 7” are convicted under the Animal Enterprise protection Act- Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act is passed- investigation reveals that items labeled “faux fur” were real fur at Burlington Coat Factory (JH)
 * 23. 2007 ** Horse slaughter ends in US (JH)

__ Fight Animal Cruelty __. 2009 Convio. 4/28/09 [].
 * 1) ** Animal Cruelty: ** Acts of violence or neglect perpetrated against animals are considered animal cruelty (JH)
 * 2) ** Animal Hoarding or Collecting: ** Obsessive/compulsive disorder in which individual keeps a large number of animals-sometimes more than 100-in his or her home, and neglects to care for the animals and the home environment (JH)
 * 3) ** Animal Welfare Act: ** Act passed into law in 1966 that ensures that pets and animals used in research and for exhibition purposes are provided humane care and treatment
 * 4) ** Backyard Breeder: ** Individual whose pet either gets bred by accident, or who breeds on purpose for a variety of reasons-a desire to make extra money (JH)
 * 5) ** Battery **** Cage: ** A wire cage, measuring no more than sixteen inches wide, in which four or five hens are housed. These cages are lined up in rows and stacked several levels high on factory farms (JH)
 * 6) ** Branding: ** The practice of burning an identifying mark onto the body of an animal using an extremely hot iron stamp, or “brand,” pressed hard into the animal’s flesh for several seconds without anesthesia (JH)
 * 7) ** Broilers: ** Chickens raised for meat consumption on modern factory farms (JH)
 * 8) ** Bullhook: ** Tool commonly used in the training and management of elephants (JH)
 * 9) ** Canned Hunts: ** The canned hunt is a practice in which hunters pay fees to shoot and kill exotic animals in a confined area from which they are unable to escape (JH)
 * 10) ** Cockfighting: ** A blood sport in which two roosters specifically bred for aggressiveness are placed beak to beak in a small ring and encouraged to fight to the death (JH)
 * 11) ** Declawing: ** The act of surgically amputating the entire distal phalanx, or end bone, of an animal's toes (JH)
 * 12) ** Downers: ** Animals headed for slaughter who become too sick or injured to walk unassisted (JH)
 * 13) ** Ear Cropping: ** The cropping of a purebred dog's ears to conform to a breed standard (JH)
 * 14) ** Electric Cattle Prod (also called a Hotshot): ** A device that can deliver an electric current to an animal (JH)
 * 15) ** Factory Farm: ** A large-scale industrial site where many animals raised for food and are confined and treated with hormones and antibiotics to maximize growth and prevent disease (JH)
 * 16) ** Felony Cruelty: ** Animal cruelty is considered a crime in all 50 states (JH)
 * 17) ** Forced Molting: ** Process by which egg-laying hens are starved for up to 14 days, exposed to changing light patterns and given no water in order to shock their bodies into molting (JH)
 * 18) ** Hog-Dog Fighting: ** A blood sport in which a hog or feral pig is mauled by a trained fighting dog in an enclosed pen (JH)
 * 19) ** Intentional Cruelty: ** Intentional cruelty occurs when an individual purposely inflicts physical harm or injury on an animal (JH)
 * 20) ** Killer Buyers: ** Middlemen who travel from horse auction to horse auction, purchasing any horse they can- they sell these animals to slaughterhouses for human consumption (JH)
 * 21) ** Leghold Trap: ** The steel-jaw leghold trap is most often used to trap wild animals who are killed for their fur (JH)
 * 22) ** Neglect: ** The failure to provide an animal with the most basic of requirements of food, water, shelter and veterinary care (JH)
 * 23) ** Pound Seizure: ** The transfer or sale of shelter animals to research facilities of any kind, including those that engage in scientific research and experimentation (JH)
 * 24) ** Tail Docking: ** The cutting of a purebred dog's tail to conform to a breed standard (JH)
 * 25) ** White Veal: ** From birth to slaughter at five months, calves used to produce "formula-fed" or "white" veal are confined to two-foot-wide crates and chained to inhibit movement (JH)

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Factory Farms __Animal Cruelty__. LCA. April 29, 2009 . Animal experimentation: Factory Farming: The Fur Trade: Hunting and Harvesting: Entertainment Animals:
 * 1) 1982-1997 Number of Factory Farms increased by 47 percent [MW]
 * 2) Animal raising techniques have changed, animals are now kept tightly packed in a warehouse instead of outside, hormones are used too [MW]
 * 3) Factory Farms are said to be inflicting pain and suffering on animals [MW]
 * 4) KFC is supplied with over 700 million chickens a year and the company supplying then has been said to mistreat the animals in the way they are raised and killed [MW]
 * 5) The ways factory farms raise and kill animals would repulse others morally or people would worry about the cleanliness of their meat [MW]
 * 1) at least 5 billion US tax dollars are used for animal experiments every year. [LS]
 * 2) over 70 million animals are tortured and killed in US laboratories[LS]
 * 1) over 10 billion animals slaughtered for human consumption annually [LS]
 * 2) 6 billion of the 10 billion are derived from “broiler” chickens who only live for 9 weeks [LS]
 * 3) laying hens are usually kept in a cage [5 or 6 to 14 in] and 20% die from stress and disease from these conditions. [LS]
 * 4) at least half of the 10 million cows used for dairy are kept in tremendous suffering conditions [LS]
 * 5) cows for the 1990s only live 4 to 5 years, when cows from earlier years lived 20 to 25 years. [LS]
 * 6) to keep the animals in high levels of productivity, dairy farmers keep them pregnant constantly through artificial insemination[LS]
 * 1) about 3.5 million furbearing animals, such as racoons, coyoytes, bobcats, lynxes, opossums, beavers, muskrats, otters, etc, are killed by trappers in the US every year. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">[LS]
 * 2) estimated that more than half of all fur garments come from trapped animals.<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">[LS]
 * 3) 2.7 million animals are harvested on fur "farms."<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">[LS]
 * 1) on federal land alone, more than 200 million animals are killed every year. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">[LS]
 * 2) 45% of hunters do their hunting on public land. THAT'S ILLEGAL! <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">[LS]
 * 3) poachers kill thousands of animals like elephants, tigers, rhinos, and other endangered species, to sell on black markets. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">[LS]
 * 4) "canned hunts" buy exotic animals from a variety of sources, like zoos, to allow rich hunters the thrill of killing them. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">[LS]
 * 5) overharvesting of oceans and seas led to threatened population of many fish and marine mammals. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">[LS]
 * 6) more than a half a million seals are killed because of competition with humans for remaining fish. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">[LS]
 * 7) other marine predators are devastating the balance of new fish populations because of previous preys disappearing.<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">[LS]
 * 1) since 1990, captive elephants have killed 43 people, suffering and cruelty of training techniques cause stress to the known peaceful elephants.<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">[LS]
 * 2) <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">more than 40,000 bulls killed in bloody bullfight every year. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">[LS]
 * 3) <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">during bullfights, animals are totured over an hour, spears in their back. they die from blood loss or exhaustion. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">[LS]
 * 4) <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">killer whales and dolphins live only 25% of their life expectancy when captive, they usually swim dozens of miles in the wild but suffer stress-induced diseases and ailments when kept in small pools and forced to perform tricks. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">[LS]
 * 5) <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">50,000 greyhounds are killed a year or sent somewhere for experimentation when they are no longer profitable for racing.<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">[LS]

// S.A.E.N. Stop Animal Exploitation NOW! // . Ed. . 11 February 2009. The Mary T. and Frank L. Hoffman Family Foundation. 28 April 2009 < http://www.all-creatures.org/saen/articles-anexp.html /> [] // PETA //// Media Center //. Ed. . . PETA. 29 April 2009 < http://www.peta.org/mc/factsheet_display.asp?ID=58 /> [] // Kentucky //// Fried Cruelty //. Ed. . . PETA. 29 April 2009 < http://www.kentuckyfriedcruelty.com/ />
 * 1) United States Department of Agriculture / Animal & Plant Inspection Service (USDA/APHIS) releases a survey every year [MW]
 * 2) In 2000, 1,416,643 animals were experimented on[MW]
 * 3) The total is mad up as follows; 69,516 dogs, 25,560 cats, 57,518 primates, 505,009 guinea pigs, 258,754 rabbits, 23,934 sheep, 66,651 pigs, 69126 "other" farm animals, and 166,429 "other" animals [MW]
 * 4) Rats and Mice are not required to be reported although they make up about 85 to 95 percent of animals tested on [MW]
 * 5) An estimate is that 165 primates are being experimented on per day, 60,000 per year [MW]
 * 1) As many as 350 6 ft alligators can live in a space of a family home (That is not very big) [MW]
 * 2) Most alligators live up to 60 years, yet are killed at the age of 2 [MW]
 * 3)  Alligators on farms may be beaten to death with hammers and axes, sometimes remaining conscious and in agony for up to two hours after they are skinned [MW]
 * 4) Kangaroos are killed by the millions each year primarily for soccer shoes [MW]
 * 5) In 2006 David Beckham switched to shoes made of synthetic material once learning about the kangaroos [MW]
 * 6) An estimated 2 million cats and dogs are killed in China to meet demands in Europe [MW]
 * 1) KFC suppliers cram tons of chicken into a small space and drug them so that they grow hugs (Who wants to eat drugged chickens) [MW]
 * 2) The drugs make the chickens so big that they cannot walk and break their legs and wings [MW]
 * 3) When killed the chickens have their throats slit and are dropped in scalding hot water sometimes still alive and conscious (Ever heard of running around like a chicken with its head cut off?) [MW]