Purple+Polka+Dots+(Against+Animal+Testing)

Notes: "Update: Animal Testing." __Issues & Controversies On File.__ 31 Mar. 2006. __Issues & Controversies.__ Facts On File News Service. 23 Apr. 2009 [|http://www.2facts.com]


 * 1) FDA requires that all new drugs are tested on animals before they are approved for human consumption. (KC)
 * 2) Rats, mice, and guinea pigs make up about 95% of tested animals in the U.S. (KC)
 * 3) The remaining 5% is made up of other animals like cats, dogs,monkey, fish, birds and other large animals. (KC)
 * 4) USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture) requires that all animals except rats, mice, and birds receive pain killers before any testing is done. (KC)
 * 5) Almost all animals that are involved in research are killed after the experiments are over. (KC)
 * 6) Alternatives to animal testing include experiments using tissue samles, cell cultures, and computer modeling, but supporters of animal testing believe that they are not useful or accurate. (KC)
 * 7) Beginning researchers admit that animal testing is "tough to get used to" because it's putting the animals through a lot of pain and then killing them after the experiments. (KC)
 * 8) Animal testing is a multi-billion dollar industry for U.S companies that supply animals and the research company that buys the animals. (KC)
 * 9) The National Institutes of Health spends billions of dollars in federal money per year for animal testing programs. (KC)
 * 10) Cosmetic testing on animals was not as popular because the FDA supported it, but did not require it a few years ago. (KC)
 * 11) Cosmetic testing on animals was completely banned by the FDA in 2008. (KC)

Chang, Maria L. "Animal research: right or wrong?." __Science World__ 54.n12 (March 23, 1998): 8(5). __Student__ __Resource Center__ __- Gold__. Gale. BRUNSWICK SR HIGH SCHOOL - MD. 23 Apr. 2009 .

12. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (UDA) reported that  1, 345,739 warm-blooded animals (cats, dogs, monkeys, and rabbits) were used in research, testing, and experiments. (CM) 13. Scientists inject animals with drugs to see how effectively they treat AIDS, cancer and other diseases that affect humans. (CM) 14. Organ transplants are done on animals before they are tested on humans. (CM) 15. Different types of household cleaners and make-up are tested on animals skins and eyes to see if the product will irritate humans. (CM)

Animal Testing, 2009 The Humane Society of the United Sates. 4/23/2009 .

16. Laws and regulations have been enacted to control marking of drugs, cosmetics, pesticides, and other products. (MH) 17. They may prove to be harmful to human health and the environment. (MH) 18. Labor testing to generate informaion is being regulated to whether it benefits substances. (MH) 19. About 10% of all animals use for experiments, amount to many millions of animals per year worldwide. (MH) 20. Yesting is poisoning animals (sometimes to death), and its harming them and using its data for humans. (MH) 21. The Humane Society of the United States considers animal testing questionable. (MH) 22. Its hazards to human beings, wildlife, and the Environment. (MH) 23. Crude animal tests have been the main toxicity of testing for decades. (MH)

Leepson, M., & Leepson, M. (1991, May 24). Animal rights. CQ Researcher, 1, 301-324. Retrieved April 23, 2009, from CQ Researcher Online, [].

24. If current trends continue, they warn, advances in fighting cancer and AIDS could be hindered. (MH) 25. Some animals suffer physical or mental pain in the course of this research (MH) 26. Many experiments are needlessly repetitive, inflict unnecessary pain and do not promote human health and safety. (MH) 27. Biomedical experimentation, include testing of cosmetics and other non-medical products, animal trapping for fur, the dissection of animals in high school and college biology classes and the eating of meat and dairy products. (MH) 28. 60 million to 100 million animals are killed every year in research projects. (MH) 29. Researchers are using 10 animals when they could use one. They're using one to repeat something that's already been proved in some cases. (MH) 30. Substances ranging from eye shadow and soap to furniture polish and oven cleaner are tested on rabbits, dogs, and other animals. (MH) 31. Test results do not help prevent or treat human illness or injury. (MH) 32. People believe that animals do not have immortal souls, like humans, and they do not have consciousness and cannot feel pleasure or pain. (MH)

__Animal Testing Facts__. April 28, 2009 [].

33. Each year, about 70 million animals are maimed, blinded, scalded, force-fed chemicals, genetically manipulated, hurt and killed due to the scientifc testing. (CM) 34. Substances like eye shadow, soap, furniture polish, oven cleaner, etc. are used on innocent animals to see if they could possibly harm humans. (CM) 35. Animal tests can not be used to prevent or treat human injuries, so there is really no reason to test the animals. (CM) 36. There are alternatives to animal testing that are more humane. Sophisticated computer models could be used to accurately tests how humans would react to the product. (CM) 37. The American Heart Association requires researchers to show that they have looked into an alternative way, their research can not be conducted accurately without animals, and their experiment is designed to showed needed results and information. (CM) 38. Only .5% of testing is done on non-human primates. (CM) 39. Approximately 61% of animals that are tested on suffer no pain. (CM) 40. Approximately 31% have pain relieved with anesthesia. (CM) 41. Approximately 6% of animals experience pain during testing. (CM)

, . "The Scientific Argument Against Animal Testing ." __www.whitecoatwelfare.org__. . Coalition To Abolish Animal Testing (CAAT). 28 April, 2009. .

42. Expensive, Inaccurate, Misleading, and Consumes limited resources. (MH) 43. Helps development of vaccines, cures, and treatments for human illness. (MH) 44. 100,000 people every year are kills and 2 million are hospitalized from prescription drugs prescribed. (MH) 45. Treatments or cures for illness have been found from using animals. (MH) 46. PCP is a sedative for chimps. (MH) 47. Penicillin kills cats and guinea pigs but saves human lives. (MH) 48. Arsenic is not posionous to rats, mice, or sheep. (MH) 49. Morphine is a sedative for humans but is a stimulant for cats, goats and horses. (MH) 50. Digitalis raises the blood pressure in dgos, but saves countless cardiac patients in lower heart rates. (MH)

Borade, Gaynor. "Animal Testing Facts." __www.Buzzle.com__. ©2000-2008, 2009 . . 28 April, 2009. .

51. Less than 2% of all human illnesses are record in the animal kingdom. (MH) 52. Most drugs passed by animals tests are now discarded as useless to humans. (MH) 53. Modified animals cannot be models for human illnesses. (MH) 54. 88% of still-births on record are caused by drugs that are passed as 'sage' in animal tests. (MH) 55. The world of Science has on record that there are more than 400 methods can effectively replace animal experiments. (MH) 56. At least 33 animals die in laboratories each second worldwide. (MH)

Rowan, Andrew N. "Animal experimentation." __World Book Student__. 2009. Brunswick High School. 28 April 2009 []

57. Animal Welfare Act requires that testing labs report how many animals are used for testing, but rats, mice, and birds aren't covered in the act so their numbers are unreported. (KC) 58. Animals differ from humans which makes animal drug testing unreliable and dangerous. (KC) 59. New testing methods like computer models, cell cultrures, and human research are less expensive and more accurate. (KC) 60. Vivisection - experiments involving surgery on live animals. (KC) 61. People who oppose vivisection are called antivivisectionists. (KC) 62. Teachers use animal testing to teach students about anatomy, biology, surgery, and physiology. (KC) 63. Scientists claim that the suffering of animals in minor that that there would be little progress without them. (KC) 64. Animal Welfare Act of 1996 - requires proper food and shelter for only certain animals, excluding rats, mice, and birds. (KC)

__Animal Testing__. 2009 The Humane Society of the United States. 28 April 2009. []

65. Few breakthroughs have been made by animal testing. (KC) 66. Humans share about 99% of their genes with chimpanzees, but 90% of animal testing is done using rats or mice. (KC) 67. Animal experimentation has led to cloning animals and creating hybrid creatures. (KC) 68. In Europe over the last 10 years there has been a decrease in the amount of animal experiments and an increase in alternative methods. (KC) 69. About 20 million rats and mice are used in the United States annually for testing and experiments. (KC) 70. In most experiments chemicals are put onto an animal's eyes or skin, injected into their body, or the animal is forced to ingest of inhale the chemical. (KC) 71. The 3 "R's" - Replacing the animals in the tests or Reducing the number of animals involved in tests, or Refining tests to decrease animal suffering. (KC) 72. Guinea pigs are often used in scientific experiments for skin allergy tests. (KC) 73. Testing today is characterized by NIH's Francis Collins as expensive, time consuming, a large use of animals, and unreliable. (KC) 74. Animal testing won't disappear overnight, but it's slowly decreasing. (KC)

"Public Opinion on Animal Testing (sidebar)." __Issues & Controversies On File__ 13 Sept. 1996. __Issues & Controversies__. Facts On File News Services. 28 Apr. 2009 .

75. In 1990 a poll by the Gallup Organization found that 60% of opposed animal testing on cosmetics and other toiletries. (KC) 76. The same poll also found that 90% of consumers would buy cosmetics that were not tested on animals. (KC)

"Animal Testing (sidebar)." __Issues & Controversies On File__ 25 Sept. 1998. __Issues & Controversies__. Facts On File News Services. 28 Apr. 2009 .

77. Some pharmaceutical companies are making alternative methods for testing to minimize the number of animals that are needed. One is called "cassette dosing" which is testing several drugs simultaneously in animals and monitoring the performance of each chemical - takes less time and a lower amount of animals. (KC)

"Animal Testing." __U.S. Food and Drug Administration__. April 5, 2006. April 29, 2009 .

78. The FDA is responsible for assuring that cosmetics and food are safe and properly labeled. (CM) 79. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) does not require that animals are used to test these products for safety. But the Act does require that products be tested appropriately to make sure that they are safe for humans to use. (CM) 80. FDA supports the use of alternatives for scientifc testing. (CM)

, . "Facts about Animal Testing." __Youth Noise__. 2007. . 29 April, 2009. .

81. Most animals die two to three weeks after being tested. (MH) 82. 5 billion animals are consumed for food each year. (MH) 83. 200 is the number of illnesses that humans and animals have in common. (MH) 84. 61% of animals suffer no pain. (MH) 85. Animal testing is not required by law. (MH)

__Pro Animal Testing and Experiments__. June 10, 2006. April 29, 2009 .

86. Environmentalists can use testing on animals to help find better and more humane ways to protect species that are becoming endangered. (CM) 87. Because more animals are becoming extinct and endangered, using animal testing can give scientists more information about the animal, its habitat, and how to cure animal diseases. (CM) 88. Animal testing has helped find a cure for rabies. (CM) 89. Pest control that can help stop pollution and the destruction of animals and is harmless to animals, but harmful to insects. (CM) 90. Scientists test food on animals to see if it is safe and not poisoned. (CM) 91. Cosmetics can be tested on animals to see how it reacts to different skin types and can improve them. (CM) 92. Animal testing can also show how dangerous or safe a product is. (CM) 93. It is easy to test animals because they have the same organ systems and body processes. (CM) 94. Scientists infect animals with a certain virus to gather information on a cure or vaccine for that virus. By doing this it helps humans out when they get the same virus. (CM) 95. Other experiments are not always accurate. (CM) 96. Animals are tested on so scientists can help them adapt to new environments or habitats. (CM) 97. When scientists tests animals, they also help them reproduce more animals so they can keep their species. (CM) 98. Animal testing has helped advance the development of anitbiotics, vaccines, and surgical techniques. (CM) 99. When drugs are tested on animals, they are tested to see if the drug is too strong, too weak or just too dangerous. (CM) 100. Animal testing helps scientists increase their knowledge about the way the human body works. (CM)